/*
    * Licensed to The Apereo Foundation under one or more contributor license
    * agreements. See the NOTICE file distributed with this work for additional
    * information regarding copyright ownership.
    *
    *
    * The Apereo Foundation licenses this file to you under the Educational
    * Community License, Version 2.0 (the "License"); you may not use this file
    * except in compliance with the License. You may obtain a copy of the License
   * at:
   *
   *   http://opensource.org/licenses/ecl2.txt
   *
   * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
   * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT
   * WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.  See the
   * License for the specific language governing permissions and limitations under
   * the License.
   *
   */
  package org.opencastproject.distribution.aws.s3;
  
  import static java.lang.String.format;
  import static org.opencastproject.util.RequireUtil.notNull;
  
  import org.opencastproject.distribution.api.AbstractDistributionService;
  import org.opencastproject.distribution.api.DistributionException;
  import org.opencastproject.distribution.api.DistributionService;
  import org.opencastproject.distribution.api.DownloadDistributionService;
  import org.opencastproject.distribution.aws.s3.api.AwsS3DistributionService;
  import org.opencastproject.job.api.Job;
  import org.opencastproject.mediapackage.AdaptivePlaylist;
  import org.opencastproject.mediapackage.MediaPackage;
  import org.opencastproject.mediapackage.MediaPackageElement;
  import org.opencastproject.mediapackage.MediaPackageElementFlavor;
  import org.opencastproject.mediapackage.MediaPackageElementParser;
  import org.opencastproject.mediapackage.MediaPackageException;
  import org.opencastproject.mediapackage.MediaPackageParser;
  import org.opencastproject.mediapackage.Track;
  import org.opencastproject.security.api.OrganizationDirectoryService;
  import org.opencastproject.security.api.SecurityService;
  import org.opencastproject.security.api.UserDirectoryService;
  import org.opencastproject.serviceregistry.api.ServiceRegistry;
  import org.opencastproject.serviceregistry.api.ServiceRegistryException;
  import org.opencastproject.util.ConfigurationException;
  import org.opencastproject.util.LoadUtil;
  import org.opencastproject.util.NotFoundException;
  import org.opencastproject.util.OsgiUtil;
  import org.opencastproject.util.data.Option;
  import org.opencastproject.workspace.api.Workspace;
  
  import com.amazonaws.AmazonClientException;
  import com.amazonaws.AmazonServiceException;
  import com.amazonaws.ClientConfiguration;
  import com.amazonaws.HttpMethod;
  import com.amazonaws.auth.AWSCredentialsProvider;
  import com.amazonaws.auth.AWSStaticCredentialsProvider;
  import com.amazonaws.auth.BasicAWSCredentials;
  import com.amazonaws.auth.DefaultAWSCredentialsProviderChain;
  import com.amazonaws.auth.policy.Policy;
  import com.amazonaws.auth.policy.Principal;
  import com.amazonaws.auth.policy.Statement;
  import com.amazonaws.auth.policy.actions.S3Actions;
  import com.amazonaws.auth.policy.resources.S3ObjectResource;
  import com.amazonaws.client.builder.AwsClientBuilder;
  import com.amazonaws.services.s3.AmazonS3;
  import com.amazonaws.services.s3.AmazonS3ClientBuilder;
  import com.amazonaws.services.s3.model.BucketWebsiteConfiguration;
  import com.amazonaws.services.s3.model.SetBucketWebsiteConfigurationRequest;
  import com.amazonaws.services.s3.transfer.TransferManager;
  import com.amazonaws.services.s3.transfer.Upload;
  import com.google.gson.Gson;
  import com.google.gson.reflect.TypeToken;
  
  import org.apache.commons.io.FilenameUtils;
  import org.apache.commons.lang3.BooleanUtils;
  import org.apache.commons.lang3.StringUtils;
  import org.apache.commons.lang3.math.NumberUtils;
  import org.apache.http.client.methods.CloseableHttpResponse;
  import org.apache.http.client.methods.HttpHead;
  import org.apache.http.impl.client.CloseableHttpClient;
  import org.apache.http.impl.client.HttpClients;
  import org.osgi.service.component.ComponentContext;
  import org.osgi.service.component.annotations.Activate;
  import org.osgi.service.component.annotations.Component;
  import org.osgi.service.component.annotations.Deactivate;
  import org.osgi.service.component.annotations.Reference;
  import org.slf4j.Logger;
  import org.slf4j.LoggerFactory;
  
  import java.io.File;
  import java.io.IOException;
  import java.net.URI;
  import java.net.URISyntaxException;
  import java.nio.file.Files;
  import java.nio.file.Path;
  import java.nio.file.Paths;
  import java.util.ArrayList;
  import java.util.Arrays;
 import java.util.Collections;
 import java.util.Comparator;
 import java.util.Date;
 import java.util.HashMap;
 import java.util.HashSet;
 import java.util.List;
 import java.util.Map;
 import java.util.Map.Entry;
 import java.util.Set;
 import java.util.stream.Collectors;
 import java.util.stream.Stream;
 
 import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;
 
 @Component(
     immediate = true,
     service = { DistributionService.class, DownloadDistributionService.class, AwsS3DistributionService.class },
     property = {
         "service.description=Distribution Service (AWS S3)",
         "distribution.channel=aws.s3"
     }
 )
 public class AwsS3DistributionServiceImpl extends AbstractDistributionService
         implements AwsS3DistributionService, DistributionService {
 
   /** Logging facility */
   private static final Logger logger = LoggerFactory.getLogger(AwsS3DistributionServiceImpl.class);
 
   /** Job type */
   public static final String JOB_TYPE = "org.opencastproject.distribution.aws.s3";
 
   /** List of available operations on jobs */
   public enum Operation {
     Distribute, Retract
   }
 
   // Service configuration
   public static final String AWS_S3_DISTRIBUTION_ENABLE = "org.opencastproject.distribution.aws.s3.distribution.enable";
   public static final String AWS_S3_DISTRIBUTION_BASE_CONFIG
           = "org.opencastproject.distribution.aws.s3.distribution.base";
   public static final String AWS_S3_ACCESS_KEY_ID_CONFIG = "org.opencastproject.distribution.aws.s3.access.id";
   public static final String AWS_S3_SECRET_ACCESS_KEY_CONFIG = "org.opencastproject.distribution.aws.s3.secret.key";
   public static final String AWS_S3_REGION_CONFIG = "org.opencastproject.distribution.aws.s3.region";
   public static final String AWS_S3_BUCKET_CONFIG = "org.opencastproject.distribution.aws.s3.bucket";
   public static final String AWS_S3_BUCKET_CONFIG_PREFIX = "org.opencastproject.distribution.aws.s3.bucket.";
   public static final String AWS_S3_ENDPOINT_CONFIG = "org.opencastproject.distribution.aws.s3.endpoint";
   public static final String AWS_S3_PATH_STYLE_CONFIG = "org.opencastproject.distribution.aws.s3.path.style";
   public static final String AWS_S3_PRESIGNED_URL_CONFIG = "org.opencastproject.distribution.aws.s3.presigned.url";
   public static final String AWS_S3_PRESIGNED_URL_VALID_DURATION_CONFIG
       = "org.opencastproject.distribution.aws.s3.presigned.url.valid.duration";
   // S3 client configuration
   public static final String AWS_S3_MAX_CONNECTIONS = "org.opencastproject.distribution.aws.s3.max.connections";
   public static final String AWS_S3_CONNECTION_TIMEOUT = "org.opencastproject.distribution.aws.s3.connection.timeout";
   public static final String AWS_S3_MAX_RETRIES = "org.opencastproject.distribution.aws.s3.max.retries";
   // job loads
   public static final String DISTRIBUTE_JOB_LOAD_KEY = "job.load.aws.s3.distribute";
   public static final String RETRACT_JOB_LOAD_KEY = "job.load.aws.s3.retract";
 
   // config.properties
   public static final String OPENCAST_STORAGE_DIR = "org.opencastproject.storage.dir";
   public static final String DEFAULT_TEMP_DIR = "tmp/s3dist";
 
   // Defaults
 
   // S3 client config defaults
   public static final int DEFAULT_MAX_CONNECTIONS = 50;
   public static final int DEFAULT_CONNECTION_TIMEOUT = 10000;
   public static final int DEFAULT_MAX_RETRIES = 100;
 
   /** The load on the system introduced by creating a distribute job */
   public static final float DEFAULT_DISTRIBUTE_JOB_LOAD = 0.1f;
 
   /** The load on the system introduced by creating a retract job */
   public static final float DEFAULT_RETRACT_JOB_LOAD = 0.1f;
 
   /** Default expiration time for presigned URL in millis, 6 hours */
   public static final int DEFAULT_PRESIGNED_URL_EXPIRE_MILLIS = 6 * 60 * 60 * 1000;
 
   /** Max expiration time for presigned URL in millis, 7 days */
   private static final int MAXIMUM_PRESIGNED_URL_EXPIRE_MILLIS = 7 * 24 * 60 * 60 * 1000;
 
   /** The load on the system introduced by creating a distribute job */
   private float distributeJobLoad = DEFAULT_DISTRIBUTE_JOB_LOAD;
 
   /** The load on the system introduced by creating a retract job */
   private float retractJobLoad = DEFAULT_RETRACT_JOB_LOAD;
 
   /** Maximum number of tries for checking availability of distributed file */
   private static final int MAX_TRIES = 10;
 
   /** Interval time in millis to sleep between checks of availability */
   private static final long SLEEP_INTERVAL = 30000L;
 
   public static final String DEFAULT_ORG_KEY = "*";
 
   /** The AWS client and transfer manager */
   private AmazonS3 s3 = null;
   private TransferManager s3TransferManager = null;
 
   /** The AWS S3 org to bucket name mapping */
   private Map<String, String> orgBucketNameMap = new HashMap<>();
   private Path tmpPath = null;
 
   /** The AWS S3 endpoint */
   private String endpoint = null;
 
   /** path style enabled */
   private boolean pathStyle = false;
 
   /** whether use presigned URL */
   private boolean presignedUrl = false;
 
   /** valid duration for presigned URL in milliseconds */
   private int presignedUrlValidDuration = DEFAULT_PRESIGNED_URL_EXPIRE_MILLIS;
 
   /** The opencast download distribution url */
   private String opencastDistributionUrl = null;
 
   private Gson gson = new Gson();
 
   /**
    * Creates a new instance of the AWS S3 distribution service.
    */
   public AwsS3DistributionServiceImpl() {
     super(JOB_TYPE);
   }
 
   private String getAWSConfigKey(ComponentContext cc, String key) {
     try {
       return OsgiUtil.getComponentContextProperty(cc, key);
     } catch (RuntimeException e) {
       throw new ConfigurationException(key + " is missing or invalid", e);
     }
   }
 
   @Override
   @Activate
   public void activate(ComponentContext cc) {
 
     // Get the configuration
     if (cc != null) {
 
       if (!BooleanUtils.toBoolean(getAWSConfigKey(cc, AWS_S3_DISTRIBUTION_ENABLE))) {
         logger.info("AWS S3 distribution disabled");
         return;
       }
 
       tmpPath = Paths.get(cc.getBundleContext().getProperty(OPENCAST_STORAGE_DIR), DEFAULT_TEMP_DIR);
 
       // clean up old data and delete directory if it exists
       if (tmpPath.toFile().exists()) {
         try (Stream<Path> walk = Files.walk(tmpPath)) {
           walk.map(Path::toFile).sorted(Comparator.reverseOrder()).forEach(File::delete);
         } catch (IOException e) {
           logger.warn("Unable to delete {}", tmpPath, e);
         }
       }
       logger.info("AWS S3 Distribution uses temp storage in {}", tmpPath);
       try { // create a new temp directory
         Files.createDirectories(tmpPath);
       } catch (IOException e) {
         logger.error("Could not create temporary directory for AWS S3 Distribution : `{}`", tmpPath);
         throw new IllegalStateException(e);
       }
 
       // AWS S3 default bucket name
       Option<String> defaultBucketNameOpt = OsgiUtil.getOptCfg(cc.getProperties(), AWS_S3_BUCKET_CONFIG);
       if (defaultBucketNameOpt.isSome()) {
         orgBucketNameMap.put(DEFAULT_ORG_KEY, defaultBucketNameOpt.get());
         logger.info("AWS S3 default bucket name is {}", defaultBucketNameOpt.get());
       }
 
       // AWS S3 org bucket name mapping
       Collections.list(cc.getProperties().keys()).stream()
           .filter(s -> s.startsWith(AWS_S3_BUCKET_CONFIG_PREFIX))
           .forEach(s -> {
             String orgId = s.substring(AWS_S3_BUCKET_CONFIG_PREFIX.length());
             String bucketName = OsgiUtil.getComponentContextProperty(cc, s);
             orgBucketNameMap.put(orgId, bucketName);
           });
 
       if (orgBucketNameMap.isEmpty()) {
         throw new ConfigurationException("AWS S3 distribution is enabled, but no buckets are configured");
       }
 
       // AWS region
       String regionStr = getAWSConfigKey(cc, AWS_S3_REGION_CONFIG);
       logger.info("AWS region is {}", regionStr);
 
       // AWS endpoint
       endpoint = OsgiUtil.getComponentContextProperty(cc, AWS_S3_ENDPOINT_CONFIG, "s3." + regionStr + ".amazonaws.com");
       logger.info("AWS S3 endpoint is {}", endpoint);
 
       // AWS path style
       pathStyle = BooleanUtils.toBoolean(OsgiUtil.getComponentContextProperty(cc, AWS_S3_PATH_STYLE_CONFIG, "false"));
       logger.info("AWS path style is {}", pathStyle);
 
       // AWS presigned URL
       String presignedUrlConfigValue = OsgiUtil.getComponentContextProperty(cc, AWS_S3_PRESIGNED_URL_CONFIG, "false");
       presignedUrl = StringUtils.equalsIgnoreCase("true", presignedUrlConfigValue);
       logger.info("AWS use presigned URL: {}", presignedUrl);
 
       // AWS presigned URL expiration time in millis
       String presignedUrlExpTimeMillisConfigValue = OsgiUtil.getComponentContextProperty(cc,
               AWS_S3_PRESIGNED_URL_VALID_DURATION_CONFIG, null);
       presignedUrlValidDuration = NumberUtils.toInt(presignedUrlExpTimeMillisConfigValue,
               DEFAULT_PRESIGNED_URL_EXPIRE_MILLIS);
       if (presignedUrlValidDuration > MAXIMUM_PRESIGNED_URL_EXPIRE_MILLIS) {
         logger.warn(
                 "Valid duration of presigned URL is too large, MAXIMUM_PRESIGNED_URL_EXPIRE_MILLIS(7 days) is used");
         presignedUrlValidDuration = MAXIMUM_PRESIGNED_URL_EXPIRE_MILLIS;
       }
 
       opencastDistributionUrl = getAWSConfigKey(cc, AWS_S3_DISTRIBUTION_BASE_CONFIG);
       if (!opencastDistributionUrl.endsWith("/")) {
         opencastDistributionUrl = opencastDistributionUrl + "/";
       }
       logger.info("AWS distribution url is {}", opencastDistributionUrl);
 
       distributeJobLoad = LoadUtil.getConfiguredLoadValue(cc.getProperties(), DISTRIBUTE_JOB_LOAD_KEY,
               DEFAULT_DISTRIBUTE_JOB_LOAD, serviceRegistry);
       retractJobLoad = LoadUtil.getConfiguredLoadValue(cc.getProperties(), RETRACT_JOB_LOAD_KEY,
               DEFAULT_RETRACT_JOB_LOAD, serviceRegistry);
 
       // Explicit credentials are optional.
       AWSCredentialsProvider provider = null;
       Option<String> accessKeyIdOpt = OsgiUtil.getOptCfg(cc.getProperties(), AWS_S3_ACCESS_KEY_ID_CONFIG);
       Option<String> accessKeySecretOpt = OsgiUtil.getOptCfg(cc.getProperties(), AWS_S3_SECRET_ACCESS_KEY_CONFIG);
 
       // Keys not informed so use default credentials provider chain, which
       // will look at the environment variables, java system props, credential files, and instance
       // profile credentials
       if (accessKeyIdOpt.isNone() && accessKeySecretOpt.isNone()) {
         provider = new DefaultAWSCredentialsProviderChain();
       } else {
         provider = new AWSStaticCredentialsProvider(
                 new BasicAWSCredentials(accessKeyIdOpt.get(), accessKeySecretOpt.get()));
       }
 
       // S3 client configuration
       ClientConfiguration clientConfiguration = new ClientConfiguration();
 
       int maxConnections = OsgiUtil.getOptCfgAsInt(cc.getProperties(), AWS_S3_MAX_CONNECTIONS)
               .getOrElse(DEFAULT_MAX_CONNECTIONS);
       logger.debug("Max Connections: {}", maxConnections);
       clientConfiguration.setMaxConnections(maxConnections);
 
       int connectionTimeout = OsgiUtil.getOptCfgAsInt(cc.getProperties(), AWS_S3_CONNECTION_TIMEOUT)
               .getOrElse(DEFAULT_CONNECTION_TIMEOUT);
       logger.debug("Connection Output: {}", connectionTimeout);
       clientConfiguration.setConnectionTimeout(connectionTimeout);
 
       int maxRetries = OsgiUtil.getOptCfgAsInt(cc.getProperties(), AWS_S3_MAX_RETRIES)
               .getOrElse(DEFAULT_MAX_RETRIES);
       logger.debug("Max Retry: {}", maxRetries);
       clientConfiguration.setMaxErrorRetry(maxRetries);
 
       // Create AWS client
       s3 = AmazonS3ClientBuilder.standard()
               .withEndpointConfiguration(new AwsClientBuilder.EndpointConfiguration(endpoint, regionStr))
               .withClientConfiguration(clientConfiguration)
               .withPathStyleAccessEnabled(pathStyle).withCredentials(provider).build();
 
       s3TransferManager = new TransferManager(s3);
 
       // Create AWS S3 bucket if not there yet
       createAWSBucket();
       distributionChannel = OsgiUtil.getComponentContextProperty(cc, CONFIG_KEY_STORE_TYPE);
 
       logger.info("AwsS3DistributionService activated!");
     }
   }
 
   @Override
   public String getDistributionType() {
     return distributionChannel;
   }
 
   @Deactivate
   public void deactivate() {
     // Transfer manager is null if service disabled
     if (s3TransferManager != null) {
       s3TransferManager.shutdownNow();
     }
 
     logger.info("AwsS3DistributionService deactivated!");
   }
 
   @Override
   public Job distribute(String pubChannelId, MediaPackage mediaPackage, Set<String> downloadIds,
           boolean checkAvailability, boolean preserveReference) throws DistributionException, MediaPackageException {
     throw new UnsupportedOperationException("Not supported yet.");
     // stub function
   }
 
   /**
    * {@inheritDoc}
    *
    * @see org.opencastproject.distribution.api.DownloadDistributionService#distribute(String,
    *      org.opencastproject.mediapackage.MediaPackage, String, boolean)
    */
   @Override
   public Job distribute(String channelId, MediaPackage mediaPackage, Set<String> elementIds, boolean checkAvailability)
           throws DistributionException, MediaPackageException {
     notNull(mediaPackage, "mediapackage");
     notNull(elementIds, "elementIds");
     notNull(channelId, "channelId");
     try {
       return serviceRegistry.createJob(JOB_TYPE, Operation.Distribute.toString(), Arrays.asList(channelId,
               MediaPackageParser.getAsXml(mediaPackage), gson.toJson(elementIds), Boolean.toString(checkAvailability)),
               distributeJobLoad);
     } catch (ServiceRegistryException e) {
       throw new DistributionException("Unable to create a job", e);
     }
   }
 
   /**
    * {@inheritDoc}
    *
    * @see org.opencastproject.distribution.api.DistributionService#distribute(String,
    *      org.opencastproject.mediapackage.MediaPackage, String)
    */
   @Override
   public Job distribute(String channelId, MediaPackage mediapackage, String elementId)
           throws DistributionException, MediaPackageException {
     return distribute(channelId, mediapackage, elementId, true);
   }
 
   /**
    * {@inheritDoc}
    *
    * @see org.opencastproject.distribution.api.DownloadDistributionService#distribute(String,
    *      org.opencastproject.mediapackage.MediaPackage, String, boolean)
    */
   @Override
   public Job distribute(String channelId, MediaPackage mediaPackage, String elementId, boolean checkAvailability)
           throws DistributionException, MediaPackageException {
     Set<String> elementIds = new HashSet<>();
     elementIds.add(elementId);
     return distribute(channelId, mediaPackage, elementIds, checkAvailability);
   }
 
   /**
    * Distribute Mediapackage elements to the download distribution service.
    *
    * @param channelId
    *          # The id of the publication channel to be distributed to.
    * @param mediapackage
    *          The media package that contains the elements to be distributed.
    * @param elementIds
    *          The ids of the elements that should be distributed contained within the media package.
    * @param checkAvailability
    *          Check the availability of the distributed element via http.
    * @return A reference to the MediaPackageElements that have been distributed.
    * @throws DistributionException
    *           Thrown if the parent directory of the MediaPackageElement cannot be created, if the MediaPackageElement
    *           cannot be copied or another unexpected exception occurs.
    */
   public MediaPackageElement[] distributeElements(String channelId, MediaPackage mediapackage, Set<String> elementIds,
           boolean checkAvailability) throws DistributionException {
     notNull(mediapackage, "mediapackage");
     notNull(elementIds, "elementIds");
     notNull(channelId, "channelId");
 
     final Set<MediaPackageElement> elements = getElements(mediapackage, elementIds);
     List<MediaPackageElement> distributedElements = new ArrayList<>();
 
     if (AdaptivePlaylist.hasHLSPlaylist(elements)) {
       return distributeHLSElements(channelId, mediapackage, elements, checkAvailability);
     }
 
     for (MediaPackageElement element : elements) {
       MediaPackageElement distributedElement = distributeElement(channelId, mediapackage, element, checkAvailability);
       distributedElements.add(distributedElement);
     }
     return distributedElements.toArray(new MediaPackageElement[distributedElements.size()]);
   }
 
   private Set<MediaPackageElement> getElements(MediaPackage mediapackage, Set<String> elementIds)
           throws IllegalStateException {
     final Set<MediaPackageElement> elements = new HashSet<>();
     for (String elementId : elementIds) {
       MediaPackageElement element = mediapackage.getElementById(elementId);
       if (element != null) {
         elements.add(element);
       } else {
         throw new IllegalStateException(
                 format("No element %s found in mediapackage %s", elementId, mediapackage.getIdentifier()));
       }
     }
     return elements;
   }
 
   /**
    * Distribute a media package element to AWS S3.
    *
    * @param mediaPackage
    *          The media package that contains the element to distribute.
    * @param element
    *          The element that should be distributed contained within the media package.
    * @param checkAvailability
    *          Checks if the distributed element is available
    * @return A reference to the MediaPackageElement that has been distributed.
    * @throws DistributionException
    */
   public MediaPackageElement distributeElement(String channelId, final MediaPackage mediaPackage,
           MediaPackageElement element, boolean checkAvailability) throws DistributionException {
     notNull(channelId, "channelId");
     notNull(mediaPackage, "mediapackage");
     notNull(element, "element");
 
     try {
       return distributeElement(channelId, mediaPackage, element, checkAvailability, workspace.get(element.getURI()));
     } catch (NotFoundException e) {
       throw new DistributionException("Unable to find " + element.getURI() + " in the workspace", e);
     } catch (IOException e) {
       throw new DistributionException("Error loading " + element.getURI() + " from the workspace", e);
     }
   }
 
   private MediaPackageElement distributeElement(String channelId, final MediaPackage mediaPackage,
           MediaPackageElement element, boolean checkAvailability, File source) throws DistributionException {
 
     // Use TransferManager to take advantage of multipart upload.
     // TransferManager processes all transfers asynchronously, so this call will return immediately.
     try {
       String orgId = securityService.getOrganization().getId();
       String bucketName = getBucketName(orgId);
       String objectName = buildObjectName(channelId, mediaPackage.getIdentifier().toString(), element);
       logger.info("Uploading {} to bucket {}...", objectName, bucketName);
       Upload upload = s3TransferManager.upload(bucketName, objectName, source);
       long start = System.currentTimeMillis();
 
       try {
         // Block and wait for the upload to finish
         upload.waitForCompletion();
         logger.info("Upload of {} to bucket {} completed in {} seconds", objectName, bucketName,
                 (System.currentTimeMillis() - start) / 1000);
       } catch (AmazonClientException e) {
         throw new DistributionException("AWS error: " + e.getMessage(), e);
       }
 
       // Create a representation of the distributed file in the media package
       MediaPackageElement distributedElement = (MediaPackageElement) element.clone();
       try {
         distributedElement.setURI(getDistributionUri(objectName));
       } catch (URISyntaxException e) {
         throw new DistributionException("Distributed element produces an invalid URI", e);
       }
 
       logger.info("Distributed element {}, object {}", element.getIdentifier(), objectName);
 
       if (checkAvailability) {
         URI uri = distributedElement.getURI();
         String distributedElementUriStr = uri.toString();
         int tries = 0;
         CloseableHttpResponse response = null;
         boolean success = false;
         while (tries < MAX_TRIES) {
           try {
             if (presignedUrl) {
               // 5 minutes should be enough for check availability for presigned URL.
               Date fiveMinutesLater = new Date(System.currentTimeMillis() + 5 * 60 * 1000);
               uri = s3.generatePresignedUrl(bucketName, objectName, fiveMinutesLater, HttpMethod.HEAD).toURI();
             }
             CloseableHttpClient httpClient = HttpClients.createDefault();
             logger.trace("Trying to access {}", uri);
             response = httpClient.execute(new HttpHead(uri));
             if (response.getStatusLine().getStatusCode() == HttpServletResponse.SC_OK) {
               logger.trace("Successfully got {}", uri);
               success = true;
               break; // Exit the loop, response is closed
             } else {
               logger.debug("Http status code when checking distributed element {} is {}", objectName,
                       response.getStatusLine().getStatusCode());
             }
           } catch (Exception e) {
             logger.info("Checking availability of {} threw exception {}. Trying again.", objectName, e.getMessage());
             // Just try again
           } finally {
             if (null != response) {
               response.close();
             }
           }
           tries++;
           logger.trace("Sleeping for {} seconds...", SLEEP_INTERVAL / 1000);
           Thread.sleep(SLEEP_INTERVAL);
         }
         if (!success) {
           logger.warn("Could not check availability of distributed file {}", uri);
           // throw new DistributionException("Unable to load distributed file " + uri.toString());
         }
       }
 
       return distributedElement;
     } catch (Exception e) {
       logger.warn("Error distributing element " + element.getIdentifier() + " of media package " + mediaPackage, e);
       if (e instanceof DistributionException) {
         throw (DistributionException) e;
       } else {
         throw new DistributionException(e);
       }
     }
   }
 
   @Override
   public Job retract(String channelId, MediaPackage mediapackage, String elementId) throws DistributionException {
     Set<String> elementIds = new HashSet<>();
     elementIds.add(elementId);
     return retract(channelId, mediapackage, elementIds);
   }
 
   @Override
   public Job retract(String channelId, MediaPackage mediapackage, Set<String> elementIds) throws DistributionException {
     notNull(mediapackage, "mediapackage");
     notNull(elementIds, "elementIds");
     notNull(channelId, "channelId");
     try {
       return serviceRegistry.createJob(JOB_TYPE, Operation.Retract.toString(),
               Arrays.asList(channelId, MediaPackageParser.getAsXml(mediapackage), gson.toJson(elementIds)),
               retractJobLoad);
     } catch (ServiceRegistryException e) {
       throw new DistributionException("Unable to create a job", e);
     }
   }
 
   @Override
   public List<MediaPackageElement> distributeSync(String channelId, MediaPackage mediapackage, String elementId)
           throws DistributionException, MediaPackageException {
     Set<String> elementIds = new HashSet<String>();
     elementIds.add(elementId);
     return distributeSync(channelId, mediapackage, elementIds, true);
   }
 
   @Override
   public List<MediaPackageElement> distributeSync(String channelId, MediaPackage mediapackage, Set<String> elementIds,
           boolean checkAvailability) throws DistributionException {
     final MediaPackageElement[] distributedElements = distributeElements(channelId, mediapackage, elementIds,
             checkAvailability);
     if (distributedElements == null) {
       return null;
     }
     return Arrays.asList(distributedElements);
   }
 
   @Override
   public List<MediaPackageElement> retractSync(String channelId, MediaPackage mediapackage, String elementId)
           throws DistributionException {
     Set<String> elementIds = new HashSet<String>();
     elementIds.add(elementId);
     return retractSync(channelId, mediapackage, elementIds);
   }
 
   @Override
   public List<MediaPackageElement> retractSync(String channelId, MediaPackage mediaPackage, Set<String> elementIds)
           throws DistributionException {
     final MediaPackageElement[] retractedElements = retractElements(channelId, mediaPackage, elementIds);
     if (retractedElements == null) {
       return null;
     }
     return Arrays.asList(retractedElements);
   }
 
   /**
    * Retracts the media package element with the given identifier from the distribution channel.
    *
    * @param channelId
    *          the channel id
    * @param mediaPackage
    *          the media package
    * @param element
    *          the element
    * @return the retracted element or <code>null</code> if the element was not retracted
    */
   protected MediaPackageElement retractElement(String channelId, MediaPackage mediaPackage, MediaPackageElement element)
           throws DistributionException {
     notNull(mediaPackage, "mediaPackage");
     notNull(element, "element");
 
     try {
       String orgId = securityService.getOrganization().getId();
       String bucketName = getBucketName(orgId);
       String objectName = getDistributedObjectName(element);
       if (objectName != null) {
         s3.deleteObject(bucketName, objectName);
         logger.info("Retracted element {}, object {}", element.getIdentifier(), objectName);
       }
       return element;
     } catch (AmazonClientException e) {
       throw new DistributionException("AWS error: " + e.getMessage(), e);
     }
   }
 
   /**
    * Retract a media package element from the distribution channel. The retracted element must not necessarily be the
    * one given as parameter <code>elementId</code>. Instead, the element's distribution URI will be calculated. This way
    * you are able to retract elements by providing the "original" element here.
    *
    * @param channelId
    *          the channel id
    * @param mediapackage
    *          the mediapackage
    * @param elementIds
    *          the element identifiers
    * @return the retracted element or <code>null</code> if the element was not retracted
    * @throws org.opencastproject.distribution.api.DistributionException
    *           in case of an error
    */
   protected MediaPackageElement[] retractElements(String channelId, MediaPackage mediapackage, Set<String> elementIds)
           throws DistributionException {
     notNull(mediapackage, "mediapackage");
     notNull(elementIds, "elementIds");
     notNull(channelId, "channelId");
 
     Set<MediaPackageElement> elements = getElements(mediapackage, elementIds);
     List<MediaPackageElement> retractedElements = new ArrayList<>();
 
     for (MediaPackageElement element : elements) {
       MediaPackageElement retractedElement = retractElement(channelId, mediapackage, element);
       retractedElements.add(retractedElement);
     }
     return retractedElements.toArray(new MediaPackageElement[retractedElements.size()]);
   }
 
   /**
    * Builds the aws s3 object name.
    *
    * @param channelId
    * @param mpId
    * @param element
    * @return
    */
   protected String buildObjectName(String channelId, String mpId, MediaPackageElement element) {
     // Something like ORG_ID/CHANNEL_ID/MP_ID/ELEMENT_ID/FILE_NAME.EXTENSION
     final String orgId = securityService.getOrganization().getId();
     String uriString = element.getURI().toString();
     String fileName = FilenameUtils.getName(uriString);
     return buildObjectName(orgId, channelId, mpId, element.getIdentifier(), fileName);
   }
 
   /**
    * Builds the aws s3 object name using the raw elementID and filename
    *
    * @param orgId
    * @param channelId
    * @param mpId
    * @param elementId
    * @param fileName
    * @return
    */
   protected String buildObjectName(String orgId, String channelId, String mpId, String elementId, String fileName) {
     return StringUtils.join(new String[] { orgId, channelId, mpId, elementId, fileName }, "/");
   }
 
   /**
    * Gets the URI for the element to be distributed.
    *
    * @return The resulting URI after distribution
    * @throws URISyntaxException
    *           if the concrete implementation tries to create a malformed uri
    */
   protected URI getDistributionUri(String objectName) throws URISyntaxException {
     // Something like https://OPENCAST_DOWNLOAD_URL/ORG_ID/CHANNEL_ID/MP_ID/ELEMENT_ID/FILE_NAME.EXTENSION
     return new URI(opencastDistributionUrl + objectName);
   }
 
   /**
    * Gets the distributed object's name.
    *
    * @return The distributed object name
    */
   protected String getDistributedObjectName(MediaPackageElement element) {
     // Something like https://OPENCAST_DOWNLOAD_URL/ORG_ID/CHANNEL_ID/MP_ID/ORIGINAL_ELEMENT_ID/FILE_NAME.EXTENSION
     String uriString = element.getURI().toString();
 
     // String directoryName = distributionDirectory.getAbsolutePath();
     if (uriString.startsWith(opencastDistributionUrl) && uriString.length() > opencastDistributionUrl.length()) {
       return uriString.substring(opencastDistributionUrl.length());
     } else {
       // Cannot retract
       logger.warn(
           "Cannot retract {}. Uri must be in the format "
               + "https://host/bucketName/orgId/channelId/mpId/originalElementId/fileName.extension",
           uriString);
       return null;
     }
   }
 
   /**
    * Distribute static items, create a temp directory for playlists, modify them to fix references, then publish the new
    * list and then delete the temp files. This is used if there are any HLS playlists in the mediapackage, all the
    * videos in the publication should be HLS or progressive, but not both. However, If this is called with non HLS
    * files, it will distribute them anyway.
    *
    * @param channelId
    *          - distribution channel
    * @param mediapackage
    *          - that holds all the files
    * @param elements
    *          - all the elements for publication
    * @param checkAvailability
    *          - check before pub
    * @return distributed elements
    * @throws DistributionException
    * @throws IOException
    */
   private MediaPackageElement[] distributeHLSElements(String channelId, MediaPackage mediapackage,
           Set<MediaPackageElement> elements, boolean checkAvailability) throws DistributionException {
 
     List<MediaPackageElement> distributedElements = new ArrayList<MediaPackageElement>();
     List<MediaPackageElement> nontrackElements = elements.stream()
             .filter(e -> e.getElementType() != MediaPackageElement.Type.Track).collect(Collectors.toList());
     // Distribute non track items
     for (MediaPackageElement element : nontrackElements) {
       MediaPackageElement distributedElement = distributeElement(channelId, mediapackage, element, checkAvailability);
       distributedElements.add(distributedElement);
     }
     // Then get all tracks from mediapackage and sort them by flavor
     // Each flavor is one video with multiple renditions
     List<Track> trackElements = elements.stream().filter(e -> e.getElementType() == MediaPackageElement.Type.Track)
             .map(e -> (Track) e).collect(Collectors.toList());
     HashMap<MediaPackageElementFlavor, List<Track>> trackElementsMap
         = new HashMap<MediaPackageElementFlavor, List<Track>>();
     for (Track t : trackElements) {
       List<Track> l = trackElementsMap.get(t.getFlavor());
       if (l == null) {
         l = new ArrayList<Track>();
       }
       l.add(t);
       trackElementsMap.put(t.getFlavor(), l);
     }
 
     Path tmpDir = null;
     try {
       tmpDir = Files.createTempDirectory(tmpPath, mediapackage.getIdentifier().toString());
       // Run distribution one flavor at a time
       for (Entry<MediaPackageElementFlavor, List<Track>> elementSet : trackElementsMap.entrySet()) {
         List<Track> tracks = elementSet.getValue();
         try {
           List<Track> transformedTracks = new ArrayList<Track>();
           // If there are playlists in this flavor
           if (tracks.stream().anyMatch(AdaptivePlaylist.isHLSTrackPred)) {
             // For each adaptive playlist, get all the HLS files from the track URI
             // and put them into a temporary directory
             List<Track> tmpTracks = new ArrayList<Track>();
             for (Track t : tracks) {
 
               Track tcopy = (Track) t.clone();
               String newName = "./" + t.getURI().getPath();
               Path newPath = tmpDir.resolve(newName).normalize();
               Files.createDirectories(newPath.getParent());
               // If this flavor is a HLS playlist and therefore has internal references
               if (AdaptivePlaylist.isPlaylist(t)) {
                 File f = workspace.get(t.getURI()); // Get actual file
                 Path plcopy = Files.copy(f.toPath(), newPath);
                 tcopy.setURI(plcopy.toUri()); // make it into an URI from filesystem
               } else {
                 Path plcopy = Files.createFile(newPath); // new Empty File, only care about the URI
                 tcopy.setURI(plcopy.toUri());
               }
               tmpTracks.add(tcopy);
             }
             // The playlists' references are then replaced with relative links
             tmpTracks = AdaptivePlaylist.fixReferences(tmpTracks, tmpDir.toFile()); // replace with fixed elements
             // after fixing it, we retrieve the new playlist files and discard the old
             // we collect the mp4 tracks and the playlists and put them into transformedTracks
             tracks.stream().filter(AdaptivePlaylist.isHLSTrackPred.negate()).forEach(t -> transformedTracks.add(t));
             tmpTracks.stream().filter(AdaptivePlaylist.isHLSTrackPred).forEach(t -> transformedTracks.add(t));
           } else {
             transformedTracks.addAll(tracks); // not playlists, distribute anyway
           }
           for (Track track : transformedTracks) {
             MediaPackageElement distributedElement;
             if (AdaptivePlaylist.isPlaylist(track)) {
               distributedElement = distributeElement(channelId, mediapackage, track, checkAvailability,
                       new File(track.getURI()));
             } else {
               distributedElement = distributeElement(channelId, mediapackage, track, checkAvailability);
             }
             distributedElements.add(distributedElement);
           }
         } catch (MediaPackageException | NotFoundException | IOException e1) {
           logger.error("HLS Prepare failed for mediapackage {} in {}", elementSet.getKey(), mediapackage, e1);
           throw new DistributionException("Cannot distribute " + mediapackage);
         } catch (URISyntaxException e1) {
           logger.error("HLS Prepare failed - Bad URI syntax {} in {}", elementSet.getKey(), mediapackage, e1);
           throw new DistributionException("Cannot distribute - BAD URI syntax " + mediapackage);
         }
       }
     } catch (IOException e2) {
       throw new DistributionException("Cannot create tmp dir to process HLS:" + mediapackage + e2.getMessage());
     } finally {
       // Clean up temp dir
       try (Stream<Path> walk = Files.walk(tmpDir)) {
         walk.sorted(Comparator.reverseOrder()).map(Path::toFile).forEach(File::delete);
       } catch (IOException e) {
         logger.warn("Cannot delete tmp dir for processing HLS mp {}, path {}", mediapackage, tmpPath, e);
       }
     }
     return distributedElements.toArray(new MediaPackageElement[distributedElements.size()]);
   }
 
   /**
    * {@inheritDoc}
    *
    * @see org.opencastproject.job.api.AbstractJobProducer#process(org.opencastproject.job.api.Job)
    */
   @Override
   protected String process(Job job) throws Exception {
     Operation op = null;
     String operation = job.getOperation();
     List<String> arguments = job.getArguments();
     try {
       op = Operation.valueOf(operation);
       String channelId = arguments.get(0);
       MediaPackage mediaPackage = MediaPackageParser.getFromXml(arguments.get(1));
       Set<String> elementIds = gson.fromJson(arguments.get(2), new TypeToken<Set<String>>() {
       }.getType());
       switch (op) {
         case Distribute:
           Boolean checkAvailability = Boolean.parseBoolean(arguments.get(3));
           MediaPackageElement[] distributedElements = distributeElements(channelId, mediaPackage, elementIds,
                   checkAvailability);
           return (distributedElements != null)
                   ? MediaPackageElementParser.getArrayAsXml(Arrays.asList(distributedElements))
                   : null;
         case Retract:
           MediaPackageElement[] retractedElements = retractElements(channelId, mediaPackage, elementIds);
           return (retractedElements != null) ? MediaPackageElementParser.getArrayAsXml(Arrays.asList(retractedElements))
                   : null;
         default:
           throw new IllegalStateException("Don't know how to handle operation '" + operation + "'");
       }
     } catch (IllegalArgumentException e) {
       throw new ServiceRegistryException("This service can't handle operations of type '" + op + "'", e);
     } catch (IndexOutOfBoundsException e) {
       throw new ServiceRegistryException("This argument list for operation '" + op + "' does not meet expectations", e);
     } catch (Exception e) {
       throw new ServiceRegistryException("Error handling operation '" + op + "'", e);
     }
   }
 
   /**
    * Creates the AWS S3 bucket if it doesn't exist yet.
    */
   protected void createAWSBucket() {
     orgBucketNameMap.forEach((org, bucketName) -> {
       // Does bucket exist?
       try {
         s3.listObjects(bucketName);
       } catch (AmazonServiceException e) {
         if (e.getStatusCode() == 404) {
           // Create the bucket
           try {
             s3.createBucket(bucketName);
             // Allow public read
             Statement allowPublicReadStatement = new Statement(Statement.Effect.Allow)
                 .withPrincipals(Principal.AllUsers)
                 .withActions(S3Actions.GetObject)
                 .withResources(new S3ObjectResource(bucketName, "*"));
             Policy policy = new Policy().withStatements(allowPublicReadStatement);
             s3.setBucketPolicy(bucketName, policy.toJson());
 
             // Set the website configuration. This needs to be static-site-enabled currently.
             BucketWebsiteConfiguration defaultWebsite = new BucketWebsiteConfiguration();
             // These files don't actually exist, but that doesn't matter since no one should be looking around in the
             // bucket anyway.
             defaultWebsite.setIndexDocumentSuffix("index.html");
             defaultWebsite.setErrorDocument("error.html");
             s3.setBucketWebsiteConfiguration(new SetBucketWebsiteConfigurationRequest(bucketName, defaultWebsite));
             logger.info("AWS S3 bucket {} created", bucketName);
           } catch (Exception e2) {
             throw new ConfigurationException("Bucket " + bucketName + " cannot be created: " + e2.getMessage(), e2);
           }
         } else {
           throw new ConfigurationException("Bucket " + bucketName + " exists, but we can't access it: "
               + e.getMessage(), e);
         }
       }
     });
   }
 
   public URI presignedURI(URI uri) throws URISyntaxException {
     if (!presignedUrl) {
       return uri;
     }
     String orgId = securityService.getOrganization().getId();
     String bucketName = getBucketName(orgId);
     String s3UrlPrefix = s3.getUrl(bucketName, "").toString();
 
     // Only handle URIs match s3 domain and bucket
     if (uri.toString().startsWith(s3UrlPrefix)) {
       String objectName = uri.toString().substring(s3UrlPrefix.length());
       Date validUntil = new Date(System.currentTimeMillis() + presignedUrlValidDuration);
       return s3.generatePresignedUrl(bucketName, objectName, validUntil).toURI();
     } else {
       return uri;
     }
   }
 
   /** The methods below are used by the test class */
 
   protected void setS3(AmazonS3 s3) {
     this.s3 = s3;
   }
 
   protected void setS3TransferManager(TransferManager s3TransferManager) {
     this.s3TransferManager = s3TransferManager;
   }
 
   protected void setBucketName(String orgId, String bucketName) {
     orgBucketNameMap.put(orgId, bucketName);
   }
 
   protected void setOpencastDistributionUrl(String distributionUrl) {
     opencastDistributionUrl = distributionUrl;
   }
 
   // Use by unit test
   protected void setStorageTmp(String path) {
     this.tmpPath = Paths.get(path, DEFAULT_TEMP_DIR);
     try {
       Files.createDirectories(tmpPath);
     } catch (IOException e) {
       logger.info("AWS S3 bucket cannot create {} ", tmpPath);
     }
   }
 
   private String getBucketName(String orgId) {
     String bucketName = orgBucketNameMap.get(orgId);
     if (bucketName == null) {
       // check if we have a default bucket name
       bucketName = orgBucketNameMap.get(DEFAULT_ORG_KEY);
       if (bucketName == null) {
         throw new ConfigurationException("No bucket configured for organization " + orgId);
       }
     }
     return bucketName;
   }
 
   @Reference
   @Override
   public void setWorkspace(Workspace workspace) {
     super.setWorkspace(workspace);
   }
 
   @Reference
   @Override
   public void setServiceRegistry(ServiceRegistry serviceRegistry) {
     super.setServiceRegistry(serviceRegistry);
   }
 
   @Reference
   @Override
   public void setSecurityService(SecurityService securityService) {
     super.setSecurityService(securityService);
   }
 
   @Reference
   @Override
   public void setUserDirectoryService(UserDirectoryService userDirectoryService) {
     super.setUserDirectoryService(userDirectoryService);
   }
 
   @Reference
   @Override
   public void setOrganizationDirectoryService(OrganizationDirectoryService organizationDirectoryService) {
     super.setOrganizationDirectoryService(organizationDirectoryService);
   }
 }