/*
    * Licensed to The Apereo Foundation under one or more contributor license
    * agreements. See the NOTICE file distributed with this work for additional
    * information regarding copyright ownership.
    *
    *
    * The Apereo Foundation licenses this file to you under the Educational
    * Community License, Version 2.0 (the "License"); you may not use this file
    * except in compliance with the License. You may obtain a copy of the License
   * at:
   *
   *   http://opensource.org/licenses/ecl2.txt
   *
   * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
   * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT
   * WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.  See the
   * License for the specific language governing permissions and limitations under
   * the License.
   *
   */
  package org.opencastproject.oaipmh.util;
  
  import static org.opencastproject.util.IoSupport.withResource;
  import static org.opencastproject.util.data.Option.some;
  import static org.opencastproject.util.data.functions.Misc.chuck;
  
  import org.opencastproject.metadata.dublincore.DublinCore;
  import org.opencastproject.util.XmlSafeParser;
  import org.opencastproject.util.data.Function;
  import org.opencastproject.util.data.Function0;
  import org.opencastproject.util.data.Option;
  
  
  import org.apache.commons.io.output.ByteArrayOutputStream;
  import org.apache.commons.lang3.ObjectUtils;
  import org.apache.commons.lang3.StringUtils;
  import org.w3c.dom.Attr;
  import org.w3c.dom.Document;
  import org.w3c.dom.Element;
  import org.w3c.dom.Node;
  import org.w3c.dom.NodeList;
  
  import java.io.OutputStream;
  import java.util.ArrayList;
  import java.util.Arrays;
  import java.util.Collections;
  import java.util.List;
  
  import javax.xml.XMLConstants;
  import javax.xml.parsers.DocumentBuilder;
  import javax.xml.parsers.DocumentBuilderFactory;
  import javax.xml.parsers.ParserConfigurationException;
  import javax.xml.transform.OutputKeys;
  import javax.xml.transform.Transformer;
  import javax.xml.transform.TransformerException;
  import javax.xml.transform.dom.DOMSource;
  import javax.xml.transform.stream.StreamResult;
  
  /**
   * DOM based XML generation environment. Implement {@link #create()} to create the XML. Serialize to an output stream
   * with {@link #generate(java.io.OutputStream)}.
   *
   * todo document the node creator functions
   */
  public abstract class XmlGen {
    private final Document document;
    private final Option<String> defaultNamespace;
  
    /**
     * Create a new environment.
     */
    public XmlGen(Option<String> defaultNamespace) {
      document = createDocument();
      this.defaultNamespace = defaultNamespace;
    }
  
    private Document createDocument() {
      try {
        DocumentBuilderFactory factory = XmlSafeParser.newDocumentBuilderFactory();
        factory.setNamespaceAware(true);
        DocumentBuilder builder = factory.newDocumentBuilder();
        return builder.newDocument();
      } catch (ParserConfigurationException e) {
        return chuck(e);
      }
    }
  
    private void write(OutputStream out) {
      try {
        Transformer transformer = XmlSafeParser.newTransformerFactory().newTransformer();
        transformer.setOutputProperty(OutputKeys.METHOD, "xml");
        transformer.setOutputProperty(OutputKeys.ENCODING, "UTF-8");
        transformer.setOutputProperty(OutputKeys.INDENT, "yes");
        transformer.setOutputProperty("{http://xml.apache.org/xslt}indent-amount", "2");
        DOMSource source = new DOMSource(document);
        StreamResult result = new StreamResult(out);
        transformer.transform(source, result);
      } catch (TransformerException e) {
        throw new RuntimeException(e);
     }
   }
 
   /**
    * Generate the XML and write it to <code>out</code>.
    */
   public void generate(OutputStream out) {
     generate();
     write(out);
   }
 
   /**
    * Generate the document.
    */
   public Document generate() {
     final Node node = document.importNode(create(), true);
     final Element docElem = document.getDocumentElement();
     if (docElem != null) {
       document.removeChild(docElem);
     }
     document.appendChild(node);
     return document;
   }
 
   /** Generate the document as a string. */
   public String generateAsString() {
     return withResource(new ByteArrayOutputStream(), new Function<ByteArrayOutputStream, String>() {
       @Override public String apply(ByteArrayOutputStream out) {
         generate(out);
         return out.toString();
       }
     });
   }
 
   /**
    * Implement this method to create the DOM. Use the various node creation functions for this purpose.
    */
   public abstract Element create();
 
   // --
 
   protected Namespace ns(String prefix, String namespace) {
     return new Namespace(prefix, namespace);
   }
 
   protected Node schemaLocation(String location) {
     return $a("xsi:schemaLocation", location);
   }
 
   // CHECKSTYLE:OFF
 
   protected Node $langNode(String language) {
     if (StringUtils.isBlank(language) || DublinCore.LANGUAGE_UNDEFINED.equals(language)
             || DublinCore.LANGUAGE_ANY.equals(language))
       return nodeZero();
 
     Attr a = document.createAttributeNS(XMLConstants.XML_NS_URI, "xml:lang");
     a.setValue(language);
     return a;
   }
 
   protected Node $a(String name, String value) {
     Attr a = document.createAttribute(name);
     a.setValue(value);
     return a;
   }
 
   protected Node $aBlank(String name, String value) {
     if (StringUtils.isNotBlank(value)) {
       Attr a = document.createAttribute(name);
       a.setValue(value);
       return a;
     } else {
       return nodeZero();
     }
   }
 
   protected Node $aSome(final String name, final Option<String> value) {
     return value.fold(new Option.Match<String, Node>() {
       @Override
       public Node some(String value) {
         Attr a = document.createAttribute(name);
         a.setValue(value);
         return a;
       }
 
       @Override
       public Node none() {
         return nodeZero();
       }
     });
   }
 
   protected Element $e(String qname, Option<String> namespace, List<Node> nodes) {
     return appendTo(createElemNs(namespace, qname), nodes);
   }
 
   /**
    * Create an element with the qualified name <code>qname</code> -- i.e. <code>prefix:tagname</code> -- in the
    * namespace <code>namespace</code> with children <code>nodes</code>.
    */
   protected Element $e(String qname, Option<String> namespace, NodeList nodes) {
     return appendTo(createElemNs(namespace, qname), nodes);
   }
 
   protected Element $e(String qname, Option<String> namespace, Node... nodes) {
     return $e(qname, namespace, Arrays.asList(nodes));
   }
 
   protected Element $e(String name, Node... nodes) {
     return $e(name, defaultNamespace, Arrays.asList(nodes));
   }
 
   protected Element $e(String name, List<Node> nodes) {
     return $e(name, defaultNamespace, Collections.unmodifiableList(nodes));
   }
 
   /**
    * Create an element with the qualified name <code>qname</code> -- i.e. <code>prefix:tagname</code> -- in the
    * namespace <code>namespace</code> with children <code>nodes</code>.
    */
   protected Element $e(String qname, String namespace, Node... nodes) {
     return $e(qname, some(namespace), Arrays.asList(nodes));
   }
 
   protected Element $e(String qname, String namespace, List<Node> nodes) {
     return $e(qname, some(namespace), nodes);
   }
 
   protected Node $eTxtBlank(final String name, String text) {
     return $txtBlank(text).map(new Function<Node, Node>() {
       @Override
       public Node apply(Node text) {
         final Element e = createElemDefaultNs(name);
         e.appendChild(text);
         return e;
       }
     }).getOrElse(nodeZero);
   }
 
   protected Node $eTxt(final String name, String text) {
     final Element e = createElemDefaultNs(name);
     e.appendChild($txt(text));
     return e;
   }
 
   protected Node $eTxt(final String qname, final String namespace, String text) {
     final Element e = createElemNs(namespace, qname);
     e.appendChild($txt(text));
     return e;
   }
 
   protected Element $e(String name, List<Namespace> namespaces, Node... nodes) {
     return appendTo(appendNs(createElemDefaultNs(name), namespaces), Arrays.asList(nodes));
   }
 
   protected Element $e(String name, List<Namespace> namespaces, NodeList nodes) {
     return appendTo(appendNs(createElemDefaultNs(name), namespaces), nodes);
   }
 
   protected Element $e(String name, List<Namespace> namespaces, List<Node> nodes) {
     return appendTo(appendNs(createElemDefaultNs(name), namespaces), nodes);
   }
 
   protected Element $e(String qname, String namespace, List<Namespace> namespaces, Node... nodes) {
     return appendTo(appendNs(createElemNs(namespace, qname), namespaces), Arrays.asList(nodes));
   }
 
   private Element createElemDefaultNs(String name) {
     return createElemNs(defaultNamespace, name);
   }
 
   private Element createElemNs(Option<String> namespace, String qname) {
     return createElemNs(namespace.getOrElseNull(), qname);
   }
 
   /**
    * @param namespace
    *         may be null.
    */
   private Element createElemNs(String namespace, String qname) {
     return document.createElementNS(namespace, qname);
   }
 
   /**
    * Create a new DOM element.
    *
    * @param qname
    *         fully qualified tag name, e.g. "name" or "dc:title"
    * @param namespace
    *         namespace to which this tag belongs to
    * @param namespaces
    *         additional namespace declarations
    * @param nodes
    *         child nodes
    */
   protected Element $e(String qname, String namespace, List<Namespace> namespaces, List<Node> nodes) {
     return appendTo(appendNs(createElemNs(namespace, qname), namespaces), nodes);
   }
 
   /**
    * Conditional element. Only created if at least one subnode is present. Subnodes may be attributes, elements, text
    * nodes, etc.
    */
   protected Node $e(String name, Option<Node>... nodes) {
     final List<Node> existing = filter(Arrays.asList(nodes));
     if (!existing.isEmpty()) {
       return $e(name, existing);
     } else {
       return nodeZero();
     }
   }
 
   protected Node $txt(String text) {
     return document.createTextNode(text);
   }
 
   protected Node $cdata(String text) {
     return document.createCDATASection(text);
   }
 
   /**
    * Text blank.
    */
   protected Option<Node> $txtBlank(String text) {
     return StringUtils.isNotBlank(text) ? some($txt(text)) : Option.<Node>none();
   }
 
   // --
 
   // CHECKSTYLE:ON
 
   private List<Node> filter(List<Option<Node>> nodes) {
     List<Node> result = new ArrayList<>();
     for (Option<Node> option : nodes) {
       option.fold(new Option.Match<Node, Void>() {
         @Override
         public Void some(Node node) {
           result.add(node);
           return null;
         }
 
         @Override
         public Void none() {
           return null;
         }
       });
     }
     return result;
   }
 
   private Element appendNs(Element e, List<Namespace> namespaces) {
     for (Namespace n : namespaces) {
       e.setAttributeNS(XMLConstants.XMLNS_ATTRIBUTE_NS_URI, XMLConstants.XMLNS_ATTRIBUTE + ":" + n.getPrefix(),
                        n.getNamespace());
     }
     return e;
   }
 
   /**
    * Append <code>nodes</code> to element <code>e</code>. Respects different node types like attributes and elements.
    */
   private Element appendTo(Element e, List<Node> nodes) {
     for (Node node : nodes)
       appendTo(e, node);
     return e;
   }
 
   /**
    * Like {@link #appendTo(org.w3c.dom.Element, java.util.List)} but with a different signature.
    */
   private Element appendTo(Element e, NodeList nodes) {
     for (int i = 0; i < nodes.getLength(); i++)
       appendTo(e, nodes.item(i));
     return e;
   }
 
   /**
    * Append node <code>n</code> to element <code>e</code> respecting different node types like attributes and elements.
    */
   private void appendTo(Element e, Node n) {
     Node toAppend = ObjectUtils.equals(n.getOwnerDocument(), document) ? n : document.importNode(n, true);
     if (toAppend instanceof Attr) {
       e.setAttributeNode((Attr) toAppend);
     } else {
       e.appendChild(toAppend);
     }
   }
 
   /**
    * The neutral element.
    */
   protected Node nodeZero() {
     return document.createTextNode("");
   }
 
   /**
    * Lazy version of {@link #nodeZero()}.
    */
   protected Function0<Node> nodeZero = new Function0<Node>() {
     @Override
     public Node apply() {
       return nodeZero();
     }
   };
 
   /**
    * Create a text node from a string.
    */
   protected Function<String, Node> mkText = new Function<String, Node>() {
     @Override
     public Node apply(String token) {
       return $txt(token);
     }
   };
 
   protected class Namespace {
     private final String prefix;
     private final String namespace;
 
     Namespace(String prefix, String namespace) {
       this.prefix = prefix;
       this.namespace = namespace;
     }
 
     public String getPrefix() {
       return prefix;
     }
 
     public String getNamespace() {
       return namespace;
     }
   }
 }